ELA-ElastosDetailed Description

ELA-Elastos Detailed Description

Elastos is a next-generation Web 3.0 platform dedicated to building a decentralized Smart Web (SmartWeb) based on blockchain technology.
Elastos uses blockchain technologies such as main-side chain structure, multi-layer consensus, and smart contract consensus computing to provide a safe and reliable foundation for the platform; and builds decentralized identity, communication, and storage on top of it. , computing and other platform services, aiming to provide a system platform that supports distributed applications, while providing good user privacy protection and data security, and becoming the engine of the wave of data capitalization.

1. Project introduction

Project Features

What Elastos plans to realize is an intelligent World Wide Web driven by blockchain. Elastos Smart World Wide Web can be divided into the following four levels:

1. Elastos blockchain and smart contracts:
Elastos blockchain provides basic credit and transaction services for its ecology. It adopts the architecture of main chain + side chain. The main chain only supports limited Smart contracts based on digital currency transactions, thereby reducing the computing resources occupied by executing contracts. Side chains can support smart contracts, and each side chain can independently design smart contract functions. DApps run on side chains, and each application can independently open a side chain. Interchain transfers. The blockchain adopts the Bitcoin joint mining mechanism. By deploying the joint mining code in the mining pool, the miners provide proof of work to Bitcoin and Elastos at the same time, without consuming additional computing power.

2.Elastos Carrier（去中心化 P2P 网络）：
为亦来云生态提供去中心化互联网基础服务。 Including decentralized domain name service, decentralized computing service, and decentralized storage service. Elastos Carrier adopts UDP transparent NAT traversal technology and related auxiliary facilities, which can realize direct connection between any two nodes.

1）UDP 用户数据报协议，应用程序发给网络层数据后就不保留数据的不可靠传递数据的协议。
2) NAT (Network Address Translator) is a technology that translates internal private network IP addresses into public network IP addresses. External network public addresses are globally unique and can be routed on the public network (user transmission mechanism).
3) When UDP ensures that data transmission will not be intercepted, use NAT to realize P2P communication.

Carrier可以简单的说是一种P2P的通信框架，主要包括网络通信协议、P2P 存储接口调用、节点的连接等，开发者重新定义了网络通信协议以及权限，保障了P2P 通信Secondly, this part of the code provides a large number of interfaces, including storage, application access, etc., which provide developers with the basic framework of the decentralized network and provide the possibility for secondary development. There are a large number of Carrier SDK codes in the code base. This part of the code mainly provides the possibility for the access of traditional APP and operating system. This part of the code provides the calling method and authentication method for Elastos Carrier for different programming languages, operating systems, etc. .

3.Elastos OS and Runtime:
Elastos OS is an operating system for mobile devices, and can provide native Elastos ecological programming environment support. Elastos OS can be installed on bare metal. The Elastos Carrier network can be easily accessed through Elastos OS. Elastos OS prohibits applications from creating processes and does not allow applications to directly access TCP/IP. Each user authority based on the operating system will be isolated. When there is no need for interaction, the operating system can only operate locally and will not communicate with the network. . The system automatically creates and finds microservices deployed locally, around, and in the cloud, automatically generates remote calls and event callbacks, and avoids the possibility of launching network attacks from third-party applications or services. Elastos Runtime isolates the Elastos virtual operating environment from the native OS through a sandbox (a security mechanism in the computer field that provides an isolated environment for running programs).

Elastos Runtime provides DApp developers with a code runtime environment and a code development framework. It can be considered that Elastos Runtime is a C++ version of the Java virtual machine and Java architecture. It can also be called CVM, which means that Elastos-based developers Provides Java-like compilers, code warehouses, programming frameworks, etc., allowing developers to develop based on this programming environment. Developers can use the virtual operating environment provided by Elastos Runtime to develop, test, Run Elastos decentralized applications. The Elastos Runtime will be isolated from the OS native environment using a sandbox. The plan will provide Elastos Runtime for Android, Elastos Runtime for iOS, Elastos Runtime for GNU/Linux for developers to use.

4.Elastos SDK：
传统意义的APP，可以通过包含亦来云的SDK扩展能力，获得身份鉴权、可信记录等区块链典型能力。 It mainly provides the possibility of accessing traditional APPs and operating systems, and provides calling methods and authentication methods for Elastos Carrier for different programming languages and operating systems.

共识机制

亦来云主链共识机制：
亦来云主链采用DPoS 和与比特币联合挖矿的PoW 共识算法，联合挖Mining means that they can directly take advantage of the security of Bitcoin. Bitcoin miners are also allowed to verify Elastos blocks when submitting proof of work, which has been adopted by several other digital cryptocurrency projects before.

亦来云的侧链可以使用任意的共识机制：
1）目前亦来云团队已经开发出了基于PoW共识的侧链，可以接入主链完成基于SPV和DPoS recharge and withdrawal operations. This PoW-based sidechain can use the computing power of the main chain to ensure its own security. The right to use the computing power of the main chain is handed over to the arbitrators elected based on the DPoS consensus. Each arbitrator takes turns to package the side chain based on PoW Block out.

2）亦来云同时在规划开发基于DPoS 共识的侧链，侧链上DPoS 共识中的代理人由主链的仲裁人来担任，仍然相当于通过主链保证侧链的It is safe, but the process of mining is reduced, and the speed of block generation will be faster. Each node of the side chain can obtain the voting information of the main chain on the arbitrator through the attached main chain SPV module, so as to reach a consensus on the legitimacy of the arbitrator.

Transfer between the main chain and the side chain:
1) The transfer from the Elastos main chain to the side chain is based on SPV. The side chain needs to integrate the SPV module of the main chain to synchronize the main chain blocks and the main chain at any time. For the transfer transaction from the chain to the side chain, each side chain node will synchronize all the block headers of the main chain, coupled with the merkle certification path and transaction information, the decentralization of the transfer transaction can be completed from the perspective of data structure and algorithm consensus.

2）亦來云侧链到主链的转账安全通过主链的仲裁人机制来保证，主链的持币人共同选举出一定数量的一仲裁人，仲裁人负责对侧The coin withdrawal transaction chained to the main chain is signed, and the majority of arbitrators sign to unlock the "coin withdrawal transaction" on the main chain from the account representing the side chain to the ordinary account. Arbitrators are elected by voting on the main chain and rotate regularly.

Elastos Blockchain

The Elastos blockchain adopts the main chain and side chain design scheme, that is, each application can independently open a side chain. The Elastos blockchain provides built-in, complete, and easy-to-use sidechain support. The sidechain has a variety of consensus algorithm modules for users to choose from. The sidechain can issue tokens, and the main chain and sidechain can perform two-way asset transfers. All side chains share computing power with the main chain, so all side chains have the same security as the main chain. At the same time, the energy consumption of the overall system can be minimized to avoid the huge energy consumption and carbon emissions caused by separate mining.

1) Transaction and block design:
The Elastos blockchain structure refers to the existing classic digital currency system design, including the previous block header hash necessary for block verification, transaction Merkel Root hash, counter (Nonce) for the proof-of-work algorithm, time stamp, difficulty target, etc., the chained storage structure allows transactions to be protected by all the proof-of-work accumulated on it, and achieves a decentralized consensus The goal is to become a fully automatic credit production system.

At the same time, the design idea of combining the main chain and the side chain is adopted as a whole. The verification script is taken out of the transaction structure, which reduces the transaction space occupation and avoids malleability attacks. The side chain is the basis for the operation of many Elastos DApps, so the Elastos main chain structure must provide support for the side chain and facilitate the transfer of assets between the main chain and the side chain.

2) Joint mining:
The Elastos blockchain adopts the Bitcoin joint mining mechanism, with Bitcoin as the main chain (ParentBlockchain) and Elastos as the auxiliary chain (Auxiliary Blockchain). Combined mining code, miners submit proof of work to Bitcoin and Elastos at the same time, and can enjoy double rewards without consuming extra computing power, which increases miners' income in mining competition.

Through the joint mining mechanism, the Elastos blockchain has an extremely strong computing power guarantee. Provide the basic service of credit production for global blockchain innovation, especially the Elastos ecosystem.

3) Token distribution plan:
Elastos token (ELA Coin), referred to as Elastos (ELA), is the native token on the Elastos blockchain, used for transactions and supporting digital assets , Pay blockchain transaction fees, etc. Use ELA as the basic unit of Elastos tokens, Chinese name: Yilaicoin or Aila. SatoshiELA is also used as the smallest currency unit of Elastos, and is abbreviated as Sela. The Chinese name is: Saila.

In order to make up for the natural loss of circulation such as the loss of user wallets, and to maintain the micro-inflation of the smart economic ecology supported by it, Elastos maintains a fixed annual increase of 4% year-on-year. The newly issued Elastos will be generated synchronously with the generation of blocks every 2 minutes or so in the Bitcoin joint mining. In order to maintain the sustainable development of the Elastos ecosystem, within two years after the official launch of the Elastos blockchain, this part of Elastos will be distributed proportionally between the Elastos Foundation and the miners. The Elastos Foundation owns 30%, miners own 70%.

4) Sidechain:
In addition to supporting third parties to build sidechains on the Elastos public chain more conveniently, Elastos itself will also build some sidechains that provide basic services, such as ID services, Token issuance service, fast payment service, digital asset transaction service, etc., we call it Elastos blockchain cluster service.

In the interface between the main chain and the side chain, transaction transfer is the core part. Transferring from the main chain to the side chain means converting the main chain assets into side chain assets. The transfer target address is the joint signature address of the corresponding side chain on the main chain. The transfer process needs to ensure that the transfer transaction can be automatically recognized by the side chain and Recharge sidechain tokens of corresponding value for the transferor in the corresponding account of the sidechain.

Through a random secret and the corresponding hash, we can construct a transaction script that must provide the secret to unlock it. In order to control the security of Elastos on the joint signature address, this "joint signature address" will limit only the "withdrawal transfer" transactions that can be initiated.

5) Smart contract:
Providing a powerful smart contract on the main chain will cause each node to obtain the latest status of the entire network, it is necessary to run all smart contracts that are not running, and only package transactions Miners can only get transaction fees by running the contract, so it is a waste of computing resources for nodes that simply verify. If the number of contract calls is frequent or the number is large, it will bring great pressure to the execution of the contract or even fail to realize it.

In order to avoid such problems, the Elastos main chain only supports limited smart contracts for digital token transactions. Sidechains can support smart contracts, and each sidechain can independently design its smart contract functions, such as NeoContract that supports the NEO blockchain.

Elastos Carrier: Decentralized P2P Network

ElastosCarrier provides decentralized Internet basic services for the Elastos ecosystem. Its nodes can run in any network environment, including inside the LAN of the home or office environment. Using UDP-based transparent NAT traversal technology and related auxiliary facilities, any node can be connected, and any two nodes can also be realized direct connection between.

Basic services include decentralized domain name services, decentralized computing services, and decentralized storage services. Provides basic support for the development of decentralized applications (DApp). Users can own their own data and calculations, which fully protects user privacy. At the same time, you can also rent your equipment to others through the Elastos blockchain at any time, and get corresponding Elastos incentives based on the amount of calculation and storage.

Elastos OS: A Secure Universal Operating System

Elastos OS is a general-purpose operating system for IoT devices, maker devices such as Raspberry Pi, mobile devices, etc., with security as the core goal. Provide native and complete Elastos ecological programming environment support. The latest third edition started its product iteration cycle in May 2013 and has reached the Beta level. The test runs on Moto X (XT1085) mobile phones and Lamobo-R1S smart routers. The total source code size exceeds tens of millions of lines.

In terms of security, ElastosOS prohibits applications from directly creating processes, and does not allow applications to directly access TCP/IP. The system automatically creates and searches for microservices deployed locally, around, and in the cloud, and automatically generates remote calls and event callbacks to avoid The possibility of third-party applications or services launching cyber attacks and isolating the spread of viruses.

Elastos OS provides native and complete decentralized application development support, which can facilitate access to the ElastosCarrier network, obtain the required basic services, and facilitate access to ElastosChain to obtain credit and transaction services. The developed DApp can facilitate the use of Elastos for transactions, and can also facilitate the processing of other digital assets, such as: program codes, data, e-books, audio and video, game props, etc., including confirmation of rights, transactions, and circulation.

The system adopts the development mode of three languages: C/C++, JAVA, HTML5/JS, and its C++ programming API basically corresponds to the Android Java API, realizing the unified management of cloud, pipe and terminal. Application modules written in JavaScript, Java, or C/C++ call each other, without manually writing JNI, and truly achieve "program once, run everywhere".

代币用途

亦来币将用于交易、支持数字资产、支付区块链手续费等：
1）在亦来云上开发The DApp will use ELA to pay for services such as domain name registration, search engines, page rankings, and UUID (universal unique identification code) acquisition of digital assets. ELA will be used to subsidize bandwidth, IPFS, etc.

2）亦来云生态系统合作项目必须锁定不少于2%-5% 的该项目的代币，这些代币的20%（被转换成ELA）将会被用于亦For the development of Laiyun Fund, 80% of the actual project tokens will be rewarded to ELA holders.

3）用户可以用亦来云代币在亦来云上注册ID，并以此购买服务，还可以参加在亦来云上进行的项目和产品的代币售卖；

4) ELA will be used as the main currency to reward developers who develop decentralized applications on Elastos.

Two. Comment

Elastos is an operating system that uses the Internet as the underlying infrastructure. Emphasize the separation of network communication and application computing, and prohibit applications from directly accessing the network, thereby preventing most of the virus attacks (especially DDoS) raging on the Internet. The blockchain of Elastos adopts the main chain + side chain structure to build the underlying trust. All side chains share computing power with the main chain, so all side chains have the same security as the main chain. The application connects to the Elastos Carrier (decentralized P2P network) through the Elastos OS/Runtime, and runs the DApp in a sandbox environment with isolated processes and limited communication. Network data must be sent through secure, credible, and identifiable identity channels, and these identifications and authentications all come from blockchain identity IDs.

1. Project introduction

Two. Comment

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